Adult ADHD – diagnosis, causes and outcomes
Zuzanna Kupnicka1, Grażyna Poraj2, Jakub Kaźmierski1

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological condition, which has its onset in childhood and often persists into adulthood. The clinical picture of the disorder changes at different developmental stages. Hyperactivity and impulsiveness decrease, whereas attention deficits increase with age. Genetic, anatomical and functional anomalies within the cerebral structures and the resulting patterns of information processing, specific neurometabolism, neurodevelopmental disorders as well as the influence of prenatal and environmental factors are the primary causes of the syndrome. Global research confirms that attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder has negative lifetime consequences. People affected by this disorder often enter adulthood burdened with negative experiences and coexisting disorders, which contribute to psychosocial impairment. Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder are faced with numerous social, family, professional and health problems. Lack of professional diagnosis and knowledge of the disorder often prevents adequate and professional treatment. The paper discusses different factors that contribute to the development of the disorder as well as the symptoms that occur in adult life. It also points to the significant burden associated with functioning with the symptoms in various spheres of life. The article emphasises the need for increased public and professionals’ awareness of the prevalence, the nature and the consequences of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder in adulthood.