ADHD – practical tips: pharmacology and documentation
Lena Cichoń1,2, Ireneusz Jelonek1,2, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik1,2

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic disorder with the onset of symptoms (such as hyperactivity, concentration problems or impulsiveness) in childhood. ADHD should be managed as a chronic disease with long and multifaceted treatment. The management should involve both the child and the environment in which he or she functions (school, family). Of non-pharmacological methods, ADHD can be treated with, for instance, psychoeducation, psychosocial treatment or psychotherapy. Pharmacological treatment is initiated if therapy measures are ineffective, there are profound and persistent functional deficits or the patient experiences disorders being ADHD complications. Drugs authorised for ADHD in Poland include methylphenidate (a psychostimulant) and atomoxetine (a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor). Psychostimulants act through enhanced dopamine release and inhibited serotonin and catecholamine reuptake (methylphenidate affects dopamine reuptake). There are also other drugs that might be helpful in relieving ADHD symptoms. The drug selection depends on numerous factors, such as the patient’s somatic and mental state, comorbidities and duration of action. The physician must evaluate treatment efficacy and control possible adverse events throughout the entire treatment. ADHD should be treated with a monotherapy. If it brings no effects or causes adverse events, the drug should be changed.