Introduction and objective: This review article aims to examine the situation of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The paper analyses articles published between 2020 and 2023. Results: Issues related to somatic health, including increased susceptibility to infection, more severe disease progression, and higher mortality rates, are discussed. Additionally, the paper explores how the pandemic was experienced, highlighting various changes in functioning and psychosocial responses to the imposed restrictions. Limited awareness of the situation, difficulties in accepting and understanding the necessity of following sanitary rules, and reduced resilience to lockdown-related stress led to many adverse consequences, including the emergence or exacerbation of emotional and behavioural problems, as well as regression in cognitive, social, and practical skills. The article also examines the process of distance learning and the challenges it presents. Additionally, it highlights the family dynamics and the issues faced by parents of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The results of studies available in the literature indicate that the specific needs arising from the cognitive and adaptive deficits in children and adolescents made the COVID-19 pandemic particularly challenging for them and their parents. They needed enhanced support, both professional and informal, to maintain their functioning across different areas.